Abuse Compensation Claims in the UK

Civil abuse compensation claims in the United Kingdom may be brought against individuals, institutions, local authorities, and other bodies that were responsible for the setting in which abuse occurred. These claims seek financial compensation for the physical and psychological harm suffered by the survivor.

Claims may be brought against a wide range of defendants, including churches and religious organisations, schools and boarding schools, children's homes and care providers, local authorities responsible for placements, sports bodies and youth organisations, the NHS and healthcare providers, and employers where workplace abuse occurred.

The legal framework for abuse claims varies across the UK's different jurisdictions. England and Wales share a common legal system, while Scotland and Northern Ireland each have their own rules on limitation periods, procedure, and available remedies. Understanding which jurisdiction applies is an important first step in any abuse claim. To see what each stage looks like in practice, read our guide on how abuse claims work.

For survivors with cross-border circumstances, our pages on USA abuse claims and Europe abuse claims may also be relevant. You can also browse all types of abuse claims we cover.

In England and Wales, civil abuse claims are typically brought under the law of tort, with claims for personal injury, psychiatric harm, and in some cases breach of statutory duty. Different rules apply to qualifying childhood sexual abuse claims under the 2026 Act and other personal injury claims.

The Crime and Policing Act 2026 removes the limitation period for qualifying personal injury claims arising from childhood sexual abuse in England and Wales. The defendant can still seek dismissal if a fair hearing is not possible. Other abuse claims, CICA applications and other UK jurisdictions have different rules. See section 96 of the Act and the commencement provisions.

Claims in England and Wales may be brought against individuals, institutions, and public bodies. The doctrine of vicarious liability — where an employer or institution is held responsible for the acts of its employees or agents — is a central feature of institutional abuse claims.

Northern Ireland has addressed historical institutional abuse through the Historical Institutional Abuse (HIA) Inquiry and the subsequent redress scheme administered by the Historical Institutional Abuse Redress Board.

The Redress Board closed to new applications on April 2, 2025, but outstanding applications continue to be processed. Survivors who submitted applications before the closing date will still have their claims assessed and determined.

Civil claims through the courts remain available in Northern Ireland, subject to the applicable limitation rules and procedural requirements. Survivors who did not apply to the redress scheme, or whose circumstances fall outside its scope, may wish to explore whether a civil claim is possible.